- Introduction
- Site selection and soil preparation
- Creating the vegetable patch
- Selection of vegetables
- Care of the vegetable patch
- Harvesting and aftercare
1. introduction
Planting a vegetable patch is not only a rewarding activity that brings you closer to nature, but also allows you to grow a variety of vegetables such as spinach, cucumbers, peas, potatoes and carrots directly in your garden. The size of your garden should be adapted to the variety and quantity of vegetables you want to grow, as well as your space requirements; just 120-160 square meters is enough to feed a family of four. But before you start, don't underestimate the effort and time that gardening requires and ideally start small to avoid frustration and maintain enthusiasm [1][2].
Creating a vegetable patch is not just about planning correctly, but also about preparing the soil, which can be improved with compost, and choosing sun-loving plants such as sunflowers, while ensuring that the sunlight is not blocked by a large walnut tree. A thoughtful arrangement of borders, climbing supports for your bush beans and bed edging will also help to make the most of the space and protect the root system of your plants. Don't forget the importance of garden paths that facilitate access without compacting the soil. The following sections detail each stage of this process, from site selection and soil preparation to maintaining your vegetable patch so you can successfully harvest a crop and prepare for the next season [2].
2. site selection and soil preparation
Choosing the right location for your vegetable patch is crucial to the success of your gardening efforts. Observe the areas of your garden that get a lot of sun or shade and how these conditions change throughout the day. Most vegetables do well in normal, sandy-loamy soil that drains well and is rich in humus. Make sure the location is sunny and airy, but not windy. Avoid places near large trees or a busy street [1].
Sunlight and shade conditions
Vegetables need different amounts of sunlight:
- Warm-loving plants such as tomatoes, peppers, zucchinis and cucumbers need at least 6-8 hours of sunlight a day.
- Partially shaded areas are suitable for crops such as cabbage, spinach, carrots, bush beans, broccoli, peas, onions and leeks [6].
Floor preparation
Preparing the soil is a critical step before you start planting. Here are some steps to prepare the soil:
- Determine soil typeTake a handful of soil and try to shape it into a ball. The ability to form a ball indicates the amount of clay in the soil. Sandy particles do not stick together and do not form a ball, while clayey soil forms an easily deformable ball [1][9].
- Soil improvement:
- Heavy clay soils benefit from the addition of organic material and sand to improve drainage and aeration.
- Sandy soils benefit from the addition of organic material to improve water retention and nutrient availability [1].
- Clay soils are ideal for vegetable beds as they provide valuable nutrients, store water and do not wash out quickly [9].
- Soil cultivation:
- Remove grass by mowing it as short as possible and then cutting under the lawn with a sharp spade blade.
- Loosen the soil by digging or double digging (Holländer) to a depth of 40-60 cm.
- Incorporate compost, well-rotted manure or Terra Preta during this process for additional nutrients.
- Soil improvement:
- Regularly add compost, mulch and follow crop rotation practices for long-term soil improvement.
- Plant cover crops such as clover or buckwheat to prevent erosion, suppress weeds and improve soil structure.
- Location check:
- Check the pH value of the soil and the drainage before planting.
- An ideal pH value is around 7 (neutral).
- Good drainage can be achieved by adding compost to the soil [5].
By carefully selecting the location and thoroughly preparing the soil, you lay the foundation for a successful vegetable patch.
3. planting the vegetable patch
Planning the garden bed
First, you should make a scale plan of your garden showing the position of each bed [1]. The recommended shape for the beds is rectangular, with a width of 1-1.2 meters and a length that depends on the plants you want to grow [1][17][21]. You can divide your garden into four sections for different types of vegetables [1]. Small vegetable beds are ideal for smaller spaces as they are easier to maintain and less time-consuming. Compact, tall-growing vegetable varieties are particularly suitable for small beds [12].
Bed design and plant spacing
It is important to keep enough space between the plants to promote their growth and avoid excessive moisture in the soil [11]. A rectangular shape is recommended for easy planning, planting and care [17][21]. A width of 1.20 meters allows easy access to all parts of the bed [17][21]. The size of the bed should be adapted to the available space and personal preferences [6].
Bed edging and access paths
Install a bed edging of stones, wood or specialized lawn edging stones to prevent grass encroachment and maintain a clear path. The edging should be buried 10cm deep to ensure stability and correct alignment, using stakes and string to secure straight lines. Leave space for paths to reach the beds without treading on the ground [6].
Planting techniques and irrigation system
Use mixed cultivation techniques to improve growth, reduce pests and promote the overall health of the garden. Implement an irrigation system, such as drip irrigation or soaker hoses, to conserve water and promote healthy plant growth. Monitor and maintain your garden bed regularly to address problems such as pests, diseases or nutrient deficiencies in a timely manner [6].
Protection and soil life
Shade the bed during mid-summer to protect the rooting process of the seedlings. Combine specific plants in the garden bed to improve soil life, repel pests and ensure a successful harvest [11].
4. selection of vegetables
Vegetables can either be grown from seed or purchased as seedlings [1]. The decision depends on how much time and effort you want to invest [13]. There are specific vegetable varieties that have optimal planting times. A seed calendar can help to determine the right time for different vegetable varieties [3]. Planting herbs such as sage, rosemary, thyme and mint or flowers such as savory can repel pests and attract beneficial insects. Some vegetables can also be grown and harvested in winter or stored for winter consumption [3].
Select popular vegetables
Choosing your favorite vegetables is the first step in planning a vegetable garden. Different types of vegetables have different nutrient requirements, which are divided into heavy feeders (high requirements), medium feeders (medium requirements) and light feeders (low requirements). By combining plants with similar nutrient requirements, the bed space can be optimized. Some plants thrive well together and can support each other in different ways, such as carrots and onions, garlic and strawberries and corn and runner beans [14].
Select vegetables according to personal preferences and requirements
Choose vegetables based on personal preference and the space and growing conditions required. Plan a mix of early-maturing, mid-season and late-maturing vegetables to extend the growing season. Mixed cropping and block planting are two methods for planting vegetables. Planning succession planting, crop rotation and setting the right planting dates are essential for a successful vegetable garden [15].
For beginners, it is important to choose robust and easy-care plant varieties. Recommended vegetables for beginners include different types of lettuce, radishes, beans, peas, onions, zucchinis and carrots. Start with a small selection of vegetables and expand the variety each year [4].
Select robust vegetable varieties
Choose robust vegetable varieties that are less susceptible to diseases and pests. Take the local climate and regional vegetable varieties into account when planning your vegetable garden. Old vegetable varieties are often more resistant as they have adapted to local conditions over generations [3]. It is important to consider plant compatibility, as not all vegetables grow well together [12].
5. care of the vegetable patch
Regular watering and soil loosening
Watering your vegetable patch should be done especially in the early morning hours when the soil is still cool. This helps to maximize the efficiency of water use and minimize evaporation. It is advisable to water deeply every 2-3 days, rather than only watering superficially every day. In addition, regular loosening of the soil is crucial to ensure good drainage and provide sufficient air to the plant roots [17].
Weed control and fertilization
Regular weeding is particularly important in the early stages of plant growth to avoid competition for nutrients and water. Regular fertilization is also essential. Certain plants, such as tomatoes, require specific nutrients that should be supplied in a targeted manner [5].
Plant protection and mulching
It is important to regularly check for pests and diseases and control them naturally. A layer of mulch can help retain moisture, suppress weeds and keep the soil cool. This promotes healthy growth and reduces the amount of maintenance required.
Preparing for the next season
Start planning and preparing for the next growing season early, including seed conservation and tool maintenance [18]. This ensures that you are well prepared for the next cycle.
Crop rotation and mixed cultivation
Implementing crop rotation is crucial for the health of your garden and a good harvest. It helps to keep the soil healthy by utilizing different nutrients and reducing the risk of disease and pests. Mixed cropping, or planting different types of plants together, optimizes space and resources and promotes plant health and growth [12][3].
6. harvesting and aftercare
Harvest time: Optimal conditions and techniques
It is best to harvest your vegetables in the morning to ensure the best taste and crispest freshness [6]. Use sharp tools to avoid damaging the plants when harvesting. It is advisable to harvest root vegetables when they have reached the desired size. Pick leafy vegetables regularly to encourage new growth.
Daily garden inspection and maintenance
Check your plants daily for ripe fruit and vegetables. Remove spent plants and garden debris to prevent disease. Add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil to replenish nutrients [19].
Sustainable practices for healthy soils
Rotate your crops every year to avoid diseases and pests. Plan for a fall garden to make the most of the space in your garden. Consider growing green manure crops to protect the soil and add nutrients [19].
Further questions and answers about planting a vegetable patch
How do I start planting a vegetable patch?
To create a vegetable patch correctly, follow these instructions:
- Choose a sunny, wind-protected and easily accessible location.
- Determine the dimensions of the bed, whereby a width of 1.20 m is recommended.
- Dig up the area in fall or spring.
- Improve the soil with suitable soil or compost.
- Create a planting plan.
- Start by sowing and pre-growing the plants.
What do I need to do to prepare a vegetable patch?
To prepare a vegetable patch, you should loosen the soil superficially and carefully remove all weed roots. If necessary, thoroughly work in materials to improve the soil structure, such as substances for loosening and water retention. Then spread compost or humus over the bed (about 1 cm high) and work it into the soil with a rake.
When is the best time to plant a vegetable patch?
The best time to plant a vegetable patch is in early spring or fall. If you want to convert an existing perennial bed into a vegetable patch, the process is easier.
What criteria are important for planting a vegetable garden?
When planting a vegetable garden, it is important to choose a sunny and airy spot that is not susceptible to wind. Make sure that there are no large trees in the immediate vicinity, as these could deprive the vegetable plants of light, air, water and nutrients.
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References
[1] – https://www.poetschke.de/beratung/nutzgarten-anlegen/
[2] – https://www.krautundrueben.de/gemuesegarten-anlegen-so-starten-sie-richtig-1952
[3] – https://www.ndr.de/ratgeber/garten/nutzpflanzen/Gemuese-pflanzen-Die-wichtigsten-Tipps-fuer-Anbau,gemuese712.html
[4] – https://www.plantura.garden/gemuese/gemuese-anbauen/gemueseanbau-fuer-einsteiger
[5] – https://www.mein-schoener-garten.de/themen/gemuesebeet
[6] – https://www.meine-ernte.de/selbstversorgung/beetplanung/gemuesebeete-anlegen/
[7] – https://einfaches-gaertnern.de/beetplaner/gemuesebeet-anlegen/
[8] – https://www.krautundrueben.de/gemuesebeet-anlegen-anleitung
[9] – https://www.hagebau.at/beratung-gemuesebeet-planen-anlegen/
[10] – https://www.wurzelwerk.net/gemuesegarten/gemuesegarten-anlegen/gemuesebeet-anlegen/
[11] – https://kurier.at/wirtschaft/immobiz/im-gemuesebeet-sechs-tipps-fuer-eine-gelungene-ernte/400548884
[12] – https://einfaches-gaertnern.de/beetplaner/gemuesebeet-anlegen/beetplaner-kleines-gemuesebeet/
[13] – https://www.wurzelwerk.net/gemuesegarten/gemuesegarten-anlegen/gemuesegarten/
[14] – https://www.meine-ernte.de/selbstversorgung/beetplanung/beet-planen/
[15] – https://www.loewenzahn.at/magazin/gemuese-anbauen-plan-dir-das-beet-deiner-traeume/
[16] – https://www.wurzelwerk.net/gemuesegarten/pflanzplan-erstellen/gemuesesorten/
[17] – https://www.wolf-garten.com/de/erleben/gartentipps/obst-und-gemuesegarten/ein-gemuesebeet-anlegen-und-pflegen
[18] – https://www.mein-schoener-garten.de/gartenpraxis/nutzgaerten/gemuesegarten-pflegetipps-fuer-den-sommer-24166
[19] – https://www.bauhaus.at/beratung/tipps-ideen/tipps-fuer-eine-erfolgreiche-ernte
[20] – https://www.janatuerlich.at/magazin/fruchtfolge-im-gemuesebeet-gut-fuer-boden-und-ernte/
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